Rude R K
Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1993 Jun;22(2):377-95.
Magnesium is a prominent intracellular cation required for the function of hundreds of enzyme systems. Magnesium depletion is observed frequently in hospitalized patients and is usually secondary to renal or intestinal magnesium loss. Clinically, magnesium deficiency may present with neuromuscular hyperexcitability, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and cardiac arrhythmias. Magnesium therapy appears to improve survival in patients with myocardial infarction. The diagnosis of magnesium deficiency is usually made by a low-serum magnesium concentration, although the magnesium tolerance test may be more indicative of low magnesium states. In acutely ill patients, magnesium is usually give parenterally; oral magnesium may be given for long-term repletion.
镁是数百种酶系统发挥功能所需的一种重要的细胞内阳离子。住院患者中经常观察到镁缺乏，且通常继发于肾脏或肠道的镁流失。临床上，镁缺乏可能表现为神经肌肉兴奋性增高、低钙血症、低钾血症和心律失常。镁治疗似乎可提高心肌梗死患者的生存率。镁缺乏的诊断通常依据血清镁浓度降低来做出，尽管镁耐量试验可能更能指示低镁状态。对于急性病患者，镁通常通过胃肠外途径给药；长期补充时可口服镁剂。
