Gíslason T, Reynisdóttir H, Kristbjarnarson H, Benediktsdóttir B
Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.
J Intern Med. 1993 Jul;234(1):31-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00701.x.
To analyse simultaneously sleep habits and sleep disturbances in an elderly population and numerous factors possibly affecting sleep at the same time.
A cross-sectional epidemiological survey by means of questionnaires.
The capital city of Iceland, Reykjavík and surrounding suburbs.
A randomly selected, but stratified sample with 100 men and 100 women in each 5-year age group of the ages 65-84 years--800 individuals altogether.
Sleep habits and sleep disturbances.
The mean duration of sleep was 7.25 h (SD 74 min). Mean sleep onset time was 00.13 hours and was not related to age and gender but was delayed at weekends. Daytime napping was reported by 50% of the men and 31% of the women (P < 0.001). Difficulty maintaining sleep (DMS) was the most commonly reported insomnia complaint (men 37% and women 30%). Sleep charts revealed that men woke up an average of 1.2 times per night but women 0.8 times per night (P < 0.01). Difficulty initiating sleep was reported by 9.6% and early morning awakening (EMA) by 16.7%. Pain was a strong factor contributing to EMA. There was also an increase in EMA complaints among the elderly with obstructive pulmonary diseases and systemic hypertension. The prevelance of insomnia was only partly related to age and gender. Multiple regression analyses, however, showed different interrelationships between insomnia and other symptoms and findings for men versus women.
DMS is the most commonly reported insomnia complaint among the elderly (men 37% and women 30%). The prevalence of insomnia did not increase with age in our study group.
同时分析老年人群的睡眠习惯和睡眠障碍以及可能同时影响睡眠的众多因素。
通过问卷调查进行的横断面流行病学调查。
冰岛首都雷克雅未克及其周边郊区。
从65 - 84岁的每个5岁年龄组中随机抽取但分层的样本，每组100名男性和100名女性，共800人。
睡眠习惯和睡眠障碍。
平均睡眠时间为7.25小时（标准差74分钟）。平均入睡时间为00:13，与年龄和性别无关，但在周末会延迟。50%的男性和31%的女性报告有日间小睡（P < 0.001）。难以维持睡眠（DMS）是最常报告的失眠主诉（男性37%，女性30%）。睡眠图表显示，男性平均每晚醒来1.2次，而女性为0.8次（P < 0.01）。9.6%的人报告有入睡困难，16.7%的人报告有早醒（EMA）。疼痛是导致早醒的一个重要因素。患有阻塞性肺病和系统性高血压的老年人中早醒主诉也有所增加。失眠的患病率仅部分与年龄和性别有关。然而，多元回归分析显示，男性和女性的失眠与其他症状及发现之间存在不同的相互关系。
DMS是老年人中最常报告的失眠主诉（男性37%，女性30%）。在我们的研究组中，失眠的患病率并未随年龄增加。
