Kurosawa K
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Letters, Chiba University.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 1993 Feb;63(6):379-87. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.63.379.
Ninety-five Japanese students made judgments of line lengths under different levels of conformity pressure in the Asch/Crutchfield paradigm. Comformity pressure level (whether the preceding four or two 'others' unanimously picked a wrong choice) and public self-consciousness interacted; under high pressure, the higher the public self-consciousness, the more conforming responses. Independently, under high pressure, higher self-esteem led to fewer conforming responses. Under low pressure, neither public self-consciousness nor self-esteem had a significant effect. None of the following affected conformity: gender, private self-consciousness, or social self-esteem. In addition, anti-conformity (picking a wrong choice in the control trials where the 'others' chose the correct one) was observed, replicating the findings first reported by Frager (1970). A gender by social self-esteem by block (first vs. second half of experimental task) interaction, a gender by self-esteem by block interaction, and a gender by public self-consciousness interaction separately affected the number of anti-conformity responses. Implications for self-consciousness theories are discussed.
95名日本学生在阿施/克拉奇菲尔德范式下，于不同程度的从众压力下对线的长度进行了判断。从众压力水平（前四个或两个“他人”是否一致做出错误选择）与公众自我意识相互作用；在高压力下，公众自我意识越高，从众反应越多。另外，在高压力下，自尊水平越高，从众反应越少。在低压力下，公众自我意识和自尊都没有显著影响。以下因素均未影响从众行为：性别、私人自我意识或社会自尊。此外，还观察到了反从众行为（在“他人”选择正确答案的对照试验中做出错误选择），这重复了弗拉格（1970年）首次报道的研究结果。性别×社会自尊×组块（实验任务的前半部分与后半部分）交互作用、性别×自尊×组块交互作用以及性别×公众自我意识交互作用分别影响了反从众反应的数量。文中讨论了这些结果对自我意识理论的启示。
