Whitmore E A, Kramer J R, Knutson J F
University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
Child Abuse Negl. 1993 May-Jun;17(3):357-66. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(93)90058-d.
This study compared the abuse histories and home environments of adult males who had been referred for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) with that of their nonADHD siblings. Probands and brothers did not differ in their reporting of physical punishment, discipline, parental rejection, or positive parental contact, nor did they differ in their perception of the general atmosphere of their home environments. These findings were generally replicated in a larger sample of ADHD probands, nonADHD brothers and a group of classmate controls. In addition, the relation between severity of hyperactive and aggressive symptoms and degree of abuse was examined within an ADHD sample. Neither the degree of hyperactive symptoms, the degree of aggressive symptoms, nor the interaction of the two was associated with the amount of physical punishment reported. These data challenge the "scapegoat" or "target child" hypothesis prevalent in the child abuse literature by suggesting that punitive parenting may not be significantly controlled by the behavioral characteristics of ADHD children.
本研究比较了被转诊为注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的成年男性与其非ADHD同胞的虐待史和家庭环境。先证者及其兄弟在体罚、管教、父母拒绝或积极的父母接触报告方面没有差异，他们对家庭环境总体氛围的认知也没有差异。这些发现通常在更大样本的ADHD先证者、非ADHD兄弟和一组同学对照中得到了重复。此外，在ADHD样本中研究了多动和攻击症状的严重程度与虐待程度之间的关系。多动症状的程度、攻击症状的程度，以及两者的相互作用，均与所报告的体罚量无关。这些数据对虐待儿童文献中普遍存在的“替罪羊”或“目标儿童”假说提出了挑战，表明惩罚性养育方式可能不会因ADHD儿童的行为特征而受到显著影响。
