Rosenberger P H, Bornstein R A, Nasrallah H A, Para M F, Whitaker C C, Fass R J, Rice R R
Department of Psychiatry, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210-1228.
Compr Psychiatry. 1993 May-Jun;34(3):150-8. doi: 10.1016/0010-440x(93)90041-2.
The present study determined lifetime and current psychiatric functioning in a sample of homosexual or bisexual men at various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in order to address several questions regarding the relationship between psychopathology and HIV infection. HIV+ asymptomatic or symptomatic and HIV- homosexual or bisexual men completed self-report measures of psychological and health functioning and participated in structured diagnostic interviews. Additional information regarding HIV-related life events and their potential relationship to onset of disorder and family history of psychiatric disorder were obtained. A high lifetime prevalence of affective and substance use disorder was found, with almost one half of the sample meeting criteria for both disorders. Lifetime affective disorder diagnosis was associated with a positive family history of affective disorder. HIV-related events were most closely associated with onset or recurrence of affective disorder compared with other disorders. Low current rates of psychiatric disorder and levels of emotional distress were found, with no differences in degree of psychiatric adjustment across stage of infection. We conclude that the lifetime prevalence of certain categories of psychiatric disorder is high in both HIV+ and HIV- homosexual samples. Increased rates of psychiatric disorders do not appear to be a consequence of HIV infection. However, episodes of illness, particularly affective disorder, may develop following an HIV-related event such as confirmation of infection. Although symptomatic subjects have more somatic difficulties, there appears to be no relationship between stage of illness and level of emotional distress.
本研究确定了处于人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染不同阶段的同性恋或双性恋男性样本的终生及当前精神功能状况，以解决几个关于精神病理学与HIV感染之间关系的问题。HIV阳性的无症状或有症状者以及HIV阴性的同性恋或双性恋男性完成了心理和健康功能的自我报告测量，并参与了结构化诊断访谈。获取了有关与HIV相关生活事件及其与疾病发作的潜在关系以及精神疾病家族史的额外信息。发现情感障碍和物质使用障碍的终生患病率很高，几乎一半的样本符合这两种障碍的标准。终生情感障碍诊断与情感障碍的阳性家族史相关。与其他障碍相比，与HIV相关的事件与情感障碍的发作或复发最为密切相关。发现当前精神障碍发生率和情绪困扰水平较低，感染阶段之间的精神适应程度没有差异。我们得出结论，在HIV阳性和HIV阴性同性恋样本中，某些类别的精神障碍的终生患病率都很高。精神障碍发生率的增加似乎不是HIV感染的结果。然而，疾病发作，尤其是情感障碍，可能在与HIV相关的事件（如感染确诊）后发生。尽管有症状的受试者有更多的躯体困难，但疾病阶段与情绪困扰水平之间似乎没有关系。
