Holland D B, Roberts S G, Wood E J, Cunliffe W J
Department of Dermatology, General Infirmary at Leeds, UK.
J Invest Dermatol. 1993 Aug;101(2):196-9. doi: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12363791.
Heat shock proteins or stress proteins are synthesized when cells are exposed to a wide variety of physiologic stresses. The stress response is evolutionarily highly conserved, suggestive of an essential function(s) for the survival of organisms, protecting them from harmful trauma. Exposure to cold induces a stress response in organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster and Sarcophaga crassipalpis and this led us to determine whether or not cold shock responses occur in human skin after exposure to cold such as might occur during cryopreservation of tissues or cryosurgery. Biopsies taken from fresh human skin at chest surgery were exposed to 4, 15, 20, and 37 degrees C (control) for 60 min and then allowed to incorporate 35S-methionine at 37 degrees C for up to 3 h. Proteins from the epidermis were extracted and analyzed by sodium dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At 15 degrees C and below there was increased synthesis of 90 and 72 kD proteins 2 h after shocking. The 72-kD protein was identified as a heat shock protein using a monoclonal antibody to HSP72 and it is proposed from electrophoretic evidence that the 90-kD protein is also a heat shock protein. Clearly, cold shock stimulates a stress response in human epidermis altering the spectrum of proteins expressed and inducing the synthesis of heat shock proteins.
热休克蛋白或应激蛋白是细胞在受到多种生理应激时合成的。应激反应在进化上高度保守，这表明其对生物体的生存具有重要功能，可保护它们免受有害创伤。暴露于寒冷环境会在果蝇和肥须亚麻蝇等生物体中诱导应激反应，这促使我们确定在组织冷冻保存或冷冻手术等过程中可能发生的寒冷暴露后，人类皮肤是否会出现冷休克反应。在胸部手术中从新鲜人类皮肤获取的活检组织分别在4、15、20和37摄氏度（对照）下暴露60分钟，然后在37摄氏度下加入35S-甲硫氨酸长达3小时。提取表皮中的蛋白质，并通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳进行分析。在15摄氏度及以下温度下，休克2小时后90kD和72kD蛋白质的合成增加。使用针对HSP72的单克隆抗体将72kD蛋白质鉴定为热休克蛋白，并且从电泳证据推测90kD蛋白质也是热休克蛋白。显然，冷休克会刺激人类表皮中的应激反应，改变表达的蛋白质谱并诱导热休克蛋白的合成。
