Metcalfe J, Schwartz B L, Joaquim S G
Department of Psychology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1993 Jul;19(4):851-61. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.19.4.851.
Four experiments contrasted the cue-familiarity hypothesis of feeling-of-knowing judgments (FKJs) and tip-of-the-tongue feelings (TOTs) to the target-retrievability hypothesis. Familiarity of the cues was contrasted to memorability of the targets in a paired-associate design (e.g., A-B A-B, A-B A-B', A-B A-D, A-B C-D), in which the number of repetitions of the cue A terms was dissociated from the memorability of the target B terms. Little support was found for the target-retrievability hypothesis, because in none of the 4 experiments were FKJs related to target memorability. In one experiment, an omnibus retrieval hypothesis (which implicates total retrieval rather than just correct retrieval) and the cue-familiarity hypothesis produced isomorphic predictions that were borne out by the FKJ and TOT results. All 4 experiments supported the cue-familiarity hypothesis, because FKJs and TOTs were directly related to the number of presentations (and thereby the familiarity) of the cues.
四项实验将知晓感判断（FKJs）和舌尖感觉（TOTs）的线索熟悉度假说与目标可检索性假说进行了对比。在配对联想设计中（例如，A - B、A - B'、A - D、C - D），将线索的熟悉度与目标的可记忆性进行了对比，其中线索A项的重复次数与目标B项的可记忆性相互分离。目标可检索性假说几乎没有得到支持，因为在这四项实验中，知晓感判断均与目标可记忆性无关。在一项实验中，一个综合检索假说（涉及全部检索而非仅仅正确检索）和线索熟悉度假说产生了同构预测，这些预测被知晓感判断和舌尖感觉的结果所证实。所有四项实验均支持线索熟悉度假说，因为知晓感判断和舌尖感觉与线索的呈现次数（进而与熟悉度）直接相关。
