Bergeman C S, Chipuer H M, Plomin R, Pedersen N L, McClearn G E, Nesselroade J R, Costa P T, McCrae R R
Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame.
J Pers. 1993 Jun;61(2):159-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1993.tb01030.x.
Previous research has indicated that extraversion and neuroticism are substantially affected both by genotype and environment. This study assesses genetic and environmental influences on the other three components of the five-factor model of personality: Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. An abbreviated version of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) was administered to 82 pairs of identical twins and 171 pairs of fraternal twins reared apart and 132 pairs of identical twins and 167 pairs of fraternal twins reared together. Estimates of genetic and environmental effects for Openness and Conscientiousness were similar to those found in other studies of personality: Genetic influence was substantial and there was little evidence of shared rearing environment. Results for Agreeableness were different: Genetic influence accounted for only 12% of the variance and shared rearing environment accounted for 21% of the variance. Few significant gender or age differences for genetic and environmental parameters were found in model-fitting analyses.
先前的研究表明，外向性和神经质受基因型和环境的影响很大。本研究评估了人格五因素模型中其他三个因素的遗传和环境影响：经验开放性、宜人性和尽责性。对82对分开抚养的同卵双胞胎和171对异卵双胞胎以及132对共同抚养的同卵双胞胎和167对异卵双胞胎进行了《大五人格量表简版》（NEO-PI）测试。经验开放性和尽责性的遗传和环境影响估计与其他人格研究的结果相似：遗传影响很大，几乎没有证据表明存在共同抚养环境的影响。宜人性的结果有所不同：遗传影响仅占变异的12%，共同抚养环境的影响占变异的21%。在模型拟合分析中，未发现遗传和环境参数存在显著的性别或年龄差异。
