Stoneham M D
Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse, Plymouth.
Anaesthesia. 1993 Jul;48(7):575-80. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.1993.tb07119.x.
Artificial nasopharyngeal airway position and performance were assessed in 120 anaesthetised adult patients. Using a fibreoptic laryngoscope mean distances from nares to larynx were measured at 209 mm (SD 11) in males and 180 mm (SD 11) in females; those from nares to epiglottis were 159 mm (SD 12) in males and 140 mm (SD 11) in females. Nasopharyngeal airways were frequently misplaced, 60% lying beyond the tip of the epiglottis and 13% lodged in the vallecula. Forty-two percent of subjects had clinical evidence of respiratory obstruction. Nasopharyngeal airway compression in the nasopharynx and obstruction by the tongue and soft palate were common causes of respiratory obstruction. Regression analysis revealed that nares-epiglottis length correlated significantly with subject height (t = 3.9, p = 0.0002), but not with three external measurements made around the head and neck. Head flexion and extension resulted in comparatively little relative movement of the nasopharyngeal airway. Nasopharyngeal airway length and diameter should be standardised to optimise performance.
对120例成年麻醉患者的人工鼻咽气道位置和性能进行了评估。使用纤维喉镜测量，男性从鼻孔到喉部的平均距离为209毫米（标准差11），女性为180毫米（标准差11）；从鼻孔到会厌的距离，男性为159毫米（标准差12），女性为140毫米（标准差11）。鼻咽气道经常放置错位，60%位于会厌尖端之外，13%嵌顿在会厌谷。42%的受试者有呼吸阻塞的临床证据。鼻咽部的鼻咽气道受压以及舌头和软腭造成的阻塞是呼吸阻塞的常见原因。回归分析显示，鼻孔与会厌的长度与受试者身高显著相关（t = 3.9，p = 0.0002），但与头部和颈部周围的三项外部测量值无关。头部屈伸导致鼻咽气道的相对移动较小。应规范鼻咽气道的长度和直径以优化其性能。
