Timberlake W
Psychology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405.
J Exp Anal Behav. 1993 Jul;60(1):105-28. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1993.60-105.
Most traditional conceptions of reinforcement are based on a simple causal model in which responding is strengthened by the presentation of a reinforcer. I argue that reinforcement is better viewed as the outcome of constraint of a functioning causal system comprised of multiple interrelated causal sequences, complex linkages between causes and effects, and a set of initial conditions. Using a simplified system conception of the reinforcement situation, I review the similarities and drawbacks of traditional reinforcement models and analyze the recent contributions of cognitive, regulatory, and ecological approaches. Finally, I show how the concept of behavior systems can begin to incorporate both traditional and recent conceptions of reinforcement in an integrative approach.
大多数传统的强化概念都基于一个简单的因果模型，即通过呈现强化物来增强反应。我认为，强化更宜被视为一个功能因果系统受到约束的结果，这个系统由多个相互关联的因果序列、因果之间的复杂联系以及一组初始条件组成。利用强化情境的简化系统概念，我回顾了传统强化模型的异同与缺陷，并分析了认知、调节和生态方法的最新贡献。最后，我展示了行为系统的概念如何能够开始以一种综合的方法将传统和最新的强化概念结合起来。
