Perry K R, Brown D W, Parry J V, Panday S, Pipkin C, Richards A
PHLS Virus Reference Division, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, U.K.
J Med Virol. 1993 Jul;40(3):235-40. doi: 10.1002/jmv.1890400312.
Antibody capture radioimmunoassays were developed for detecting virus specific IgM (MACRIA) and IgG (GACRIA) to measles, mumps, and rubella and used to investigate saliva as an alternative specimen to serum for diagnosis. Saliva was collected from 63 patients with measles, 19 with mumps, and 150 with rubella, which were all clinically diagnosed and serologically confirmed. Virus specific IgM was detected in 92% of measles, 75% of mumps, and 100% of rubella saliva samples collected during the first week of illness. Between 1 and 5 weeks after onset virus specific IgM was detected in 100% of saliva specimens. After the 5th week the proportion of reactive specimens declined. The specificity of the MACRIA tests was established by testing saliva samples collected from blood donors for measles (88), mumps (88), and rubella IgM (91). All of the saliva specimens tested for measles and rubella specific IgM were unreactive, 1/88 specimens tested for mumps specific IgM contained significant reactivity. Saliva specimens collected from acute cases of MMR were tested in all 3 MACRIAs. A small proportion of saliva samples contained detectable IgM of more than one virus infection. Rubella and measles specific IgG was detected in the saliva of all cases from the 4th or 5th day of illness, respectively. Detection of mumps specific IgG was less successful. We have demonstrated that virus specific IgM can be reliably detected in saliva samples collected from acute cases of measles, mumps, and rubella and identified 1-5 weeks after onset of illness as the optimum time for collection of samples.
开发了抗体捕获放射免疫测定法，用于检测麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹病毒特异性IgM（MACRIA）和IgG（GACRIA），并将其用于研究唾液作为血清替代标本进行诊断。从63例麻疹患者、19例腮腺炎患者和150例风疹患者中采集唾液，这些患者均经临床诊断和血清学确诊。在发病第一周采集的唾液样本中，92%的麻疹患者、75%的腮腺炎患者和100%的风疹患者检测到病毒特异性IgM。发病后1至5周，100%的唾液标本检测到病毒特异性IgM。第5周后，反应性标本的比例下降。通过检测从献血者采集的唾液样本中的麻疹（88例）、腮腺炎（88例）和风疹IgM（91例）来确定MACRIA检测的特异性。所有检测麻疹和风疹特异性IgM的唾液标本均无反应，1/88例检测腮腺炎特异性IgM的标本含有显著反应性。从MMR急性病例采集的唾液标本在所有3种MACRIA中进行检测。一小部分唾液样本含有可检测到的多种病毒感染的IgM。分别从发病第4天或第5天起，在所有病例的唾液中检测到风疹和麻疹特异性IgG。检测腮腺炎特异性IgG的成功率较低。我们已经证明，在从麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹急性病例采集的唾液样本中可以可靠地检测到病毒特异性IgM，并确定发病后1至5周为采集样本的最佳时间。
