Ueno E, Tohno E, Tsunoda-Shimizu H, Hirano M
Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba.
Rinsho Byori. 1993 Jan;41(1):15-25.
The ultrasound examination of superficial organs began with the application of the breast and thyroid. After the development of the high resolution real-time echography, this method has also been used for the examination of the salivary gland, parathyroid and lymph nodes, and it has become an indispensable diagnostic equipment, owing to low price, high diagnostic accuracy rate, short examination time and no invasiveness. Recently, colour Doppler equipment has developed and it has altered the reliability of ultrasound. [Breast]. The real-time method brought about the evaluation of compressibility and mobility by the dynamic test, and the interruption of the borderline of the mammary gland was added to the diagnostic criteria for breast cancer. Colour Doppler imaging will become a useful method to diagnose tumours, by evaluating the vascularity, blood flow volume or flow velocity. For nonpalpable tumours, ultrasonically guided aspiration cytology and biopsy were devised and they showed good results. [Thyroid]. Thyroid echography, together with aspiration cytology, became an integral part of the diagnostic method for thyroid cancer, and the necessity of the X-ray of the thyroid has decreased. The accuracy rate for papillary carcinoma recorded more than 80%. In the screening, the detection rate of carcinoma is now 1%. The differential diagnosis between carcinoma and adenoma, which both have a follicular pattern, is a problem yet to be solved. [Parathyroid]. Hyperplasia and adenoma of the parathyroid show hypoechoic and hypervascular area. In addition, the salivary gland and lymph nodes can also be evaluated with echography.
浅表器官的超声检查始于乳腺和甲状腺的应用。高分辨率实时超声成像技术发展之后，该方法也被用于唾液腺、甲状旁腺和淋巴结的检查，由于价格低廉、诊断准确率高、检查时间短且无侵入性，它已成为不可或缺的诊断设备。近年来，彩色多普勒设备得到发展，改变了超声的可靠性。[乳腺]。实时检查方法通过动态试验对乳腺的可压缩性和活动性进行评估，乳腺边界中断也被纳入乳腺癌的诊断标准。彩色多普勒成像通过评估血管分布、血流量或血流速度，将成为诊断肿瘤的有效方法。对于触诊不到的肿瘤，设计了超声引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查和活检，效果良好。[甲状腺]。甲状腺超声检查与细针穿刺细胞学检查一起，成为甲状腺癌诊断方法的重要组成部分，甲状腺X线检查的必要性降低。乳头状癌的准确率超过80%。在筛查中，目前癌的检出率为1%。具有滤泡样结构的癌与腺瘤之间的鉴别诊断仍是一个有待解决的问题。[甲状旁腺]。甲状旁腺增生和腺瘤表现为低回声和高血管区域。此外，超声检查还可对唾液腺和淋巴结进行评估。
