Sasaki M, Kurosaki Y S, Spinweber C L, Graeber R C, Takahashi T
Flight Crew Medical Service Dept., Japan Airlines, Tokyo.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1993 Jul;64(7):641-7.
This study investigated changes in sleep after multiple transmeridian flights. The subjects were 12 B747 airline pilots operating on the following polar flight: Tokyo (TYO)-Anchorage (ANC)-London (LON)-Anchorage-Tokyo. Sleep polysomnograms were recorded on two baseline nights (B1, B2), during layovers, and, after returning to Tokyo, two recovery nights were recorded (R1, R2). In ANC (outbound), total sleep time (TST) was reduced and, sleep efficiency was low (72.0%). In London, time in bed (TIB) increased slightly, but sleep efficiency was still reduced. On return to ANC (inbound), there was considerable slow wave sleep (SWS) rebound and multiple awakenings reduced sleep efficiency to 76.8%. Sleep efficiency on R2 was significantly lower than on B1 (t-test, p < 0.05) but not different from R1. To sum up, sleep of aircrews flying multiple transmeridian flights is disrupted during layovers and this effect persists during the two recovery nights. As a result, there is a marked cumulative sleep loss during multi-legs polar route trip in comparison to single leg flights. These findings suggest that following such extensive transmeridian trips, crews should have at least three nights of recovery sleep in their home time zone before returning to duty.
本研究调查了多次跨子午线飞行后的睡眠变化。研究对象为12名执飞以下极地航线的波音747客机飞行员：东京（TYO）-安克雷奇（ANC）-伦敦（LON）-安克雷奇-东京。在两个基线夜晚（B1、B2）、中途停留期间以及返回东京后记录睡眠多导睡眠图，记录两个恢复夜晚（R1、R2）的情况。在安克雷奇（去程），总睡眠时间（TST）减少，睡眠效率较低（72.0%）。在伦敦，卧床时间（TIB）略有增加，但睡眠效率仍然降低。返回安克雷奇（返程）时，出现了明显的慢波睡眠（SWS）反弹，多次觉醒使睡眠效率降至76.8%。R2的睡眠效率显著低于B1（t检验，p<0.05），但与R1无差异。综上所述，多次跨子午线飞行的机组人员在中途停留期间睡眠受到干扰，且这种影响在两个恢复夜晚持续存在。因此，与单段飞行相比，多段极地航线旅行期间存在明显的累积睡眠不足。这些发现表明，在进行如此长时间的跨子午线旅行后，机组人员在返回工作岗位前应在其家乡时区至少有三个晚上的恢复性睡眠。
