Hingson R, Howland J
Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118.
Addiction. 1993 Jul;88(7):877-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02105.x.
In a review of the English language literature on alcohol and unintentional injury we identified 21 studies on falls, 36 on drownings and 32 on burns from 1947-1986. The proportion of fatal and non-fatal fall victims who had been drinking ranged from 21-77%, and 18-53% respectively. In three more recent studies, 35-63% of persons fatally injured in falls had been drinking. In five other studies 13-37% of persons injured in non fatal falls had been drinking. In our earlier review of drowning studies with complete ascertainment and duration of submergence specified, 27-47% of those who drowned had positive BAC's. In eight subsequent studies, alcohol was identified in 21-47% of drowning deaths. In our earlier review alcohol was involved in 9-86% of burn deaths. In five more recent US studies, alcohol was found in 12-61% of fatally injured burn victims. Case control studies are needed to establish whether alcohol increases the risk of trauma. Studies are also needed of interventions to reduce the proportion of these injuries where alcohol is involved.
在对英文文献中关于酒精与意外伤害的综述中，我们从1947年至1986年的文献里找出了21项关于跌倒的研究、36项关于溺水的研究以及32项关于烧伤的研究。在跌倒的致命和非致命受害者中，饮酒者的比例分别为21%至77%和18%至53%。在最近的三项研究中，因跌倒而致命受伤的人中，35%至63%的人饮酒。在其他五项研究中，非致命跌倒受伤的人中，13%至37%的人饮酒。在我们早期对溺水研究的综述中，在完全确定且明确了淹没持续时间的研究里，27%至47%的溺水者血液酒精浓度呈阳性。在随后的八项研究中，21%至47%的溺水死亡者被发现体内含有酒精。在我们早期的综述中，9%至86%的烧伤死亡与酒精有关。在美国最近的五项研究中，12%至61%的致命烧伤受害者体内被发现含有酒精。需要进行病例对照研究来确定酒精是否会增加创伤风险。还需要对干预措施进行研究，以减少这些与酒精有关的伤害的比例。
