Howland J, Hingson R
Social and Behavioral Sciences Section, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA 02118.
Accid Anal Prev. 1988 Feb;20(1):19-25. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(88)90011-5.
We identified 36 English language studies (1950-1985) on alcohol and drownings. The majority of these were descriptive, reporting on the percent of drowning victims positive for alcohol upon autopsy. Most studies fell into one of three categories: Type A--complete ascertainment, duration of submergence specified; Type B--complete ascertainment, duration of submergence unspecified; Type C--partial ascertainment. Among Type A studies, percent of positives for alcohol ranged from 29% to 47%. Among Type B studies, percents ranged from 15% to 69%. Among Type C studies, percents ranged from 18% to 86%. We conclude that (1) between 25% and 50% of adult drowning victims have been exposed to alcohol and that (2) without data on the frequency of alcohol consumption among non-victims engaged in aquatic activities, the causal role of alcohol in drownings is uncertain. Suggestions for further research are offered.
我们检索了36项关于酒精与溺水的英文研究（1950年至1985年）。其中大多数是描述性研究，报告尸检时溺水受害者酒精检测呈阳性的百分比。大多数研究分为以下三类之一：A类——完全确定，指定淹没时间；B类——完全确定，未指定淹没时间；C类——部分确定。在A类研究中，酒精阳性百分比在29%至47%之间。在B类研究中，百分比在15%至69%之间。在C类研究中，百分比在18%至86%之间。我们得出结论：（1）25%至50%的成年溺水受害者曾接触过酒精；（2）由于缺乏从事水上活动的非受害者酒精消费频率的数据，酒精在溺水中的因果作用尚不确定。本文还提供了进一步研究的建议。
