Kirchhoff K T, Pugh E, Calame R M, Reynolds N
University of Utah College of Nursing, Salt Lake City 84112.
Am J Crit Care. 1993 May;2(3):238-45.
To assess the beliefs and attitudes of critical care nurses about the effects of visiting on patients, staff and family.
Both interviews and questionnaires were used to gather data on nurses' attitudes and beliefs about visiting and open visiting according to the format of Ajzen and Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action.
Five Utah intensive care units and three Ohio intensive care units.
Critical care nurses in Utah (N = 29) and Ohio (N = 41) were interviewed to assess their beliefs about the effects of visiting on patients, families, nurses and nursing care delivery.
Nurses believed the consequence of visiting was more positive for the patient from a psychological perspective than from a physiological perspective but that the effects might differ depending on the patient, the visitor and the circumstances. They believed that visiting had negative consequences for families, because they became exhausted, and that visiting was disruptive for nursing care delivery. Their attitudes about effects of visiting on nursing staff were consistently more negative than were attitudes about the effects on the patient and the family.
To provide an optimal situation for visiting, its negative consequences must be minimized and nurses' attitudes and beliefs about visiting must be assessed and addressed.
评估重症监护护士对于探视对患者、医护人员及家属的影响的看法和态度。
采用访谈和问卷调查的方式，根据阿杰恩和费什拜因的理性行动理论的形式，收集护士对探视及开放式探视的态度和看法的数据。
犹他州的五个重症监护病房和俄亥俄州的三个重症监护病房。
对犹他州（N = 29）和俄亥俄州（N = 41）的重症监护护士进行访谈，以评估他们对探视对患者、家属、护士及护理工作的影响的看法。
护士们认为，从心理角度看，探视对患者的影响比对生理的影响更积极，但这种影响可能因患者、探视者及具体情况而异。他们认为探视对家属有负面影响，因为家属会疲惫不堪，且探视会干扰护理工作的开展。他们对探视对护理人员影响的态度一直比对探视对患者和家属影响的态度更消极。
为了提供最佳的探视条件，必须将探视的负面影响降至最低，并且必须评估和处理护士对探视的态度和看法。
