Simpson T, Wilson D, Mucken N, Martin S, West E, Guinn N
University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, USA.
Am J Crit Care. 1996 Nov;5(6):420-6.
Visiting policies have been liberalized in ICUs, but the process and outcome of policy modifications have not been well described.
To describe the process by which nurses in one critical care unit modified visiting from a restricted to a liberalized (i.e., modified open) policy, and to evaluate the nurses' perceptions about visiting before and after the policy was liberalized.
A group of ICU/coronary care unit nurses met to discuss changes in their unit's visiting policy. Before the change was initiated, nurses (N = 36) in the unit were informally surveyed regarding their perceptions and attitudes about visiting. After a 3-month trial of liberalized visiting, in which visiting hours were increased at the discretion of the nursing staff, nurses (N = 32) were surveyed using a questionnaire about their beliefs, attitudes, level of satisfaction, and perceptions of their actual visiting policy.
Nurses confirmed that the visiting policy had become liberalized, and they believed that liberalized visiting had positive effects on patients' emotional well-being. Nurses had more positive attitudes about the effects of liberalized visiting on families than on patients and unit function. Most nurses were satisfied with liberalized visiting. However, attitudes differed about how liberalized visiting affected patients' physiological responses or the unit function.
Effective implementation of liberalized visiting depends on assessment of the following: nurses' beliefs, attitudes, and satisfaction about a change toward a more open visiting policy; staff involvement in determining the policy; and nurse manager and clinical nurse specialist support.
重症监护病房（ICU）的探视政策已经放宽，但政策调整的过程和结果尚未得到充分描述。
描述一个重症监护病房的护士将探视政策从限制型改为宽松型（即改良开放式）的过程，并评估护士在政策放宽前后对探视的看法。
一组ICU/冠心病监护病房的护士开会讨论其所在科室探视政策的变化。在开始改变之前，对该科室的护士（N = 36）就他们对探视的看法和态度进行了非正式调查。在进行了为期3个月的宽松探视试验后，即探视时间由护理人员自行决定增加，使用问卷对护士（N = 32）进行了调查，内容包括他们的信念、态度、满意度以及对实际探视政策的看法。
护士确认探视政策已经放宽，并且他们认为宽松的探视政策对患者的情绪健康有积极影响。护士对宽松探视对家属的影响比对患者和科室功能的影响态度更为积极。大多数护士对宽松探视感到满意。然而，对于宽松探视如何影响患者的生理反应或科室功能，态度存在差异。
有效实施宽松探视取决于对以下方面的评估：护士对向更开放探视政策转变的信念、态度和满意度；工作人员参与政策制定；以及护士长和临床护理专家的支持。
