Lee D Y, Syrnyk R
Am J Ment Defic. 1977 Jan;81(4):331-7.
Self-perception theory predicts that the introduction of extrinsic rewards for behavior that was intrinsically rewarding may decrease rather than enhance overall motivation. This hypothesis was tested on a group of institutionalized mentally retarded adolescents (34 boys, 10 girls). Intrinsic (high and low task interest) and extrinsic (high- and low-incentive objects) motivation were both manipulated as independent variables, and the dependent variable was task persistence during a free-play period. Results indicated that for a high intrinsically interesting task, the task persistence was greater under the external reward of low- rather than high-incentive value conditions. The opposite trend was revealed for the low intrinsically interesting task. The results provided some evidence that the greater the amount of the reward for an interesting activity, the greater the degree to which the intrinsic interest is undermined.
自我知觉理论预测，对于本身就具有奖励性的行为引入外部奖励，可能会降低而非增强整体动机。该假设在一组机构收容的智障青少年（34名男孩，10名女孩）中进行了测试。内在动机（高任务兴趣和低任务兴趣）和外在动机（高激励物品和低激励物品）均作为自变量进行操控，因变量是自由玩耍期间的任务坚持性。结果表明，对于高度内在有趣的任务，在低激励价值而非高激励价值的外部奖励条件下，任务坚持性更强。对于低内在有趣的任务，则呈现相反的趋势。结果提供了一些证据，表明对一项有趣活动的奖励越多，内在兴趣被削弱的程度就越大。
