Osler M, Hansen E T
Regional Office of Health for the Copenhagen County, Denmark.
Scand J Soc Med. 1993 Jun;21(2):135-40. doi: 10.1177/140349489302100214.
In 1989, 674 schoolchildren aged 12-14 years in nine elementary schools in a municipality in Copenhagen, Denmark, answered a questionnaire about their dietary habits and knowledge. The majority of the pupils had fruit (87%), vegetables (72%), rye bread (81%), and drank fat-reduced milk (73%) every day. A diet score (reliability = 0.58) was calculated on the basis of the intake of 8 food items relevant to current dietary recommendations. There were no age and sex differences as to dietary habits, but immigrant children had a lower diet score than native children. Dietary knowledge was measured by the ability to state correctly whether 11 different food items had a high content or not of fat, sugar or dietary fibres. Dietary knowledge was highest for questions about fat and sugar. A knowledge score measured the number of correct answers to all 33 questions (reliability = 0.90). Knowledge was highest among older children, native children, and children with the most healthy dietary habits. In the multivariate regression analysis, knowledge, health attitudes and ethnicity were the only significant predictors of dietary behaviour. It is concluded that both social and personal factors are important for dietary behaviour, and health promotion in children should include other methods than educational programmes.
1989年，丹麦哥本哈根一个自治市的9所小学中，674名12至14岁的学童回答了一份关于他们饮食习惯和知识的问卷。大多数学生每天都吃水果（87%）、蔬菜（72%）、黑麦面包（81%），并饮用低脂牛奶（73%）。根据与当前饮食建议相关的8种食物的摄入量计算出饮食得分（信度=0.58）。在饮食习惯方面不存在年龄和性别差异，但移民儿童的饮食得分低于本地儿童。饮食知识通过正确说出11种不同食物的脂肪、糖或膳食纤维含量高低的能力来衡量。关于脂肪和糖的问题，饮食知识得分最高。知识得分衡量了所有33个问题的正确答案数量（信度=0.90）。年龄较大的儿童、本地儿童以及饮食习惯最健康的儿童知识水平最高。在多元回归分析中，知识、健康态度和种族是饮食行为的唯一重要预测因素。研究得出结论，社会和个人因素对饮食行为都很重要，儿童健康促进应包括教育项目以外的其他方法。
