Prerequisites, indications, and techniques of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

During the last two years video-assisted operative thoracoscopy has introduced new impetus into thoracic surgery. Today it is viewed as a sparing and safe alternative to thoracotomy for a wide spectrum of indications. The prerequisites, instruments, and operative techniques are discussed. In oncological thoracic surgery it still remains to be verified whether the criteria of radicality are fulfilled by this new technique. Using video-assisted operative thoracoscopy, we have successfully operated on 209 patients with the following indications: recurrent pneumothorax (n = 94), interstitial lung disease (n = 25), coin lesion (n = 20), pleural effusion (n = 17), hyperhidrosis (n = 14), mediastinal tumor or lymphoma (n = 10), thoracic empyema (n = 9), bullous emphysema (n = 8), pleural tumor (n = 5), hematothorax (n = 3), malignant pericardial effusion (n = 3), and chylothorax (n = 1). The advantages of this minimally traumatizing operating technique lie in a better view of the operative site, the objectively measurable reduction in postoperative restriction, less pain, earlier postoperative mobilization, and shorter hospital stay. This operating technique, in addition to being sparing, requires markedly less time than a thoracotomy. The disadvantages are the two-dimensional monitor picture and, especially, the loss of palpation.