Morrow D, Yesavage J, Leirer V, Dolhert N, Taylor J, Tinklenberg J
Decision Systems, Stanford, CA 94305.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1993 Aug;64(8):697-705.
This study examined the time-course of alcohol impairment of general aviation pilot simulator performance. We tested 14 young (mean age 25.8 years) and 14 older (mean age 37.9 years) pilots in a Frasca 141 simulator during alcohol and placebo conditions. In the alcohol condition, pilots drank alcohol and were tested after reaching 0.10% BAL, and then 2, 4, 8, 24, and 48 h after they had stopped drinking. They were tested at the same times in the placebo condition. Alcohol impaired overall performance. Alcohol impairment also depended on the order in which subjects participated in the alcohol and placebo sessions, with larger decrements for the alcohol-placebo order than for the opposite order. To examine the influence of alcohol independent of session order effects, we compared performance in the first alcohol session with performance in the first placebo session. This analysis showed that alcohol significantly reduced mean performance in the alcohol condition at 0.10% BAL and at 2 h. In addition, alcohol increased variability in performance in the alcohol session from 0.10% BAL to 8 h, suggesting that some subjects were more susceptible to alcohol than others. Older pilots tended to perform some radio communication tasks less accurately than younger pilots.
本研究考察了酒精对通用航空飞行员模拟器操作表现产生损害的时间进程。我们在Frasca 141模拟器中，对14名年轻飞行员（平均年龄25.8岁）和14名年长飞行员（平均年龄37.9岁）在饮酒和服用安慰剂两种情况下进行了测试。在饮酒情况下，飞行员饮用酒精，在血液酒精浓度（BAL）达到0.10%后接受测试，然后在停止饮酒后的2小时、4小时、8小时、24小时和48小时进行测试。在服用安慰剂的情况下，他们在相同时间接受测试。酒精损害了整体表现。酒精损害还取决于受试者参与饮酒和安慰剂测试环节的顺序，饮酒 - 安慰剂顺序下的表现下降幅度大于相反顺序。为了考察酒精独立于测试环节顺序效应的影响，我们比较了第一次饮酒测试环节与第一次安慰剂测试环节的表现。该分析表明，在血液酒精浓度为0.10%时以及2小时后，酒精显著降低了饮酒情况下的平均表现。此外，在饮酒测试环节中，从血液酒精浓度0.10%到8小时，酒精增加了表现的变异性，这表明一些受试者比其他受试者对酒精更敏感。年长飞行员在执行某些无线电通信任务时往往不如年轻飞行员准确。
