Taylor J L, Dolhert N, Friedman L, Mumenthaler M, Yesavage J A
Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1996 May;67(5):407-13.
In this preliminary study of alcohol effects on aviators' flight simulator performance, we addressed some methodological issues regarding possible gender-related differences in response to alcohol.
Subjects were 11 male and 12 female general aviation pilots, ages 21-40. Subjects received 8 h of training before they were tested with alcohol. On the alcohol test day they were tested before drinking, while intoxicated (target BAC of 0.08%), and 8 h after drinking.
The average, observed peak BAC readings for men and women were within 0.003% of each other. We observed faster disappearance rates for women such that women reached the FAA cutoff of 0.04% approximately 1 h before men, on average. Compared to predrink performance, there was a significant decrement in simulator performance during acute intoxication, but not 8 h after drinking. There were no significant gender differences in performance before or after drinking alcohol. Slower rates of alcohol elimination were associated with larger performance changes 8 h after drinking. This is the first report to our knowledge suggesting a possible relation between alcohol elimination rate and change in performance after drinking alcohol.
A 12.5% dose reduction for women appears to be adequate for achieving comparable peak BAC's for male and female groups. Future studies using measures of circadian rhythmicity in conjunction with pharmacokinetic and performance measures could potentially shed light on differences in subjects' acute and delayed responses to alcohol.
在这项关于酒精对飞行员飞行模拟器表现影响的初步研究中，我们探讨了一些与酒精反应中可能存在的性别差异相关的方法学问题。
受试者为11名男性和12名女性通用航空飞行员，年龄在21至40岁之间。受试者在接受酒精测试前接受了8小时的训练。在酒精测试当天，他们在饮酒前、醉酒时（目标血液酒精浓度为0.08%）以及饮酒后8小时接受测试。
男性和女性观察到的平均血液酒精浓度峰值读数相差在0.003%以内。我们观察到女性的酒精消失速度更快，平均而言，女性比男性提前约1小时达到美国联邦航空管理局规定的0.04%的临界值。与饮酒前的表现相比，急性醉酒期间模拟器表现有显著下降，但饮酒后8小时没有。饮酒前后的表现没有显著的性别差异。酒精消除速度较慢与饮酒后8小时更大的表现变化相关。据我们所知，这是第一份表明酒精消除率与饮酒后表现变化之间可能存在关联的报告。
女性剂量减少12.5%似乎足以使男性和女性组达到相当的血液酒精浓度峰值。未来结合昼夜节律测量、药代动力学测量和表现测量的研究可能会揭示受试者对酒精急性和延迟反应的差异。
