Vermeulen J, Aldenkamp A P, Alpherts W C
Instituut voor Epilepsiebestrijding, Heemstede, The Netherlands.
Epilepsy Res. 1993 Jun;15(2):157-70. doi: 10.1016/0920-1211(93)90096-p.
Subjective memory functioning was assessed by a questionnaire in 102 patients with epilepsy. Factor analysis of their responses yielded five factors: (1) Absentmindedness, (2) Retrieval, (3) Memory for Semantic Structures, (4) Childhood Memories and (5) Rote Memory. Scales representing the factors were constructed. On all scales, patients (n = 71) who had been specifically referred for an evaluation of subjective memory problems showed moderate to large differences from normal Controls (n = 111) in complaint scores, indicating adequate sensitivity of the scales to clinically significant complaint levels. By contrast, candidates for epilepsy surgery (n = 31) resembled the Controls in their perceived memory status, showing a moderately elevated complaint level on only one of the factor based scales. Relationships of subjective memory difficulties to performance on objective tests of memory and other relevant cognitive functions as well as neuroticism were examined. The two epilepsy groups were fairly similar in their test performance, but differed markedly in their subjective memory problems. Also, correlational analysis revealed only a single weak correlation between cognitive tests and subjective memory ratings. The present findings indicate that there is no simple relationship between subjective evaluations of memory and test performance. Patients' memory complaints do not accurately predict disturbances that can be measured on standard neuropsychological tests. Such complaints may be related more to neuroticism. Also, psychosocial difficulties which may accompany chronic disorders in general may have to be invoked to account for memory complaints in people with epilepsy. The epilepsy itself does not appear to be a critical factor in producing memory complaints.
通过问卷调查对102例癫痫患者的主观记忆功能进行了评估。对他们的回答进行因子分析得出五个因子：（1）心不在焉，（2）提取，（3）语义结构记忆，（4）童年记忆和（5）机械记忆。构建了代表这些因子的量表。在所有量表上，因主观记忆问题被专门转诊来评估的患者（n = 71）在抱怨得分上与正常对照组（n = 111）存在中度到较大差异，表明这些量表对临床上显著的抱怨水平具有足够的敏感性。相比之下，癫痫手术候选人（n = 31）在其感知的记忆状态上与对照组相似，仅在一个基于因子的量表上显示出中度升高的抱怨水平。研究了主观记忆困难与记忆客观测试及其他相关认知功能表现以及神经质之间的关系。两个癫痫组在测试表现上相当相似，但在主观记忆问题上有显著差异。此外，相关分析仅揭示了认知测试与主观记忆评分之间存在一个微弱的相关性。目前的研究结果表明，记忆的主观评估与测试表现之间不存在简单的关系。患者的记忆抱怨并不能准确预测在标准神经心理学测试中可测量的障碍。此类抱怨可能更多地与神经质有关。此外，一般来说，慢性疾病可能伴随的心理社会困难可能必须被用来解释癫痫患者的记忆抱怨。癫痫本身似乎不是产生记忆抱怨的关键因素。
