Miller J B, Everitt E A, Smith T H, Block N E, Dominov J A
Neuromuscular Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129.
Bioessays. 1993 Mar;15(3):191-6. doi: 10.1002/bies.950150308.
Skeletal muscle formation is studied in vitro with myogenic cell lines and primary muscle cell cultures, and in vivo with embryos of several species. We review several of the notable advances obtained from studies of cultured cells, including the recognition of myoblast diversity, isolation of the MyoD family of muscle regulatory factors, and identification of promoter elements required for muscle-specific gene expression. These studies have led to the ideas that myoblast diversity underlies the formation of the multiple types of fast and slow muscle fibers, and that myogenesis is controlled by a combination of ubiquitous and muscle-specific transcriptional regulators that may be different for each gene. We further review some unexpected results that have been obtained when ideas from work in culture have been tested in developing animals. The studies in vivo point to additional molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate muscle formation in the animal.
骨骼肌形成的研究在体外使用成肌细胞系和原代肌肉细胞培养物进行，在体内则使用多种物种的胚胎进行。我们回顾了从培养细胞研究中取得的一些显著进展，包括对成肌细胞多样性的认识、肌肉调节因子MyoD家族的分离，以及肌肉特异性基因表达所需启动子元件的鉴定。这些研究引发了这样的观点，即成肌细胞多样性是多种类型快肌纤维和慢肌纤维形成的基础，并且肌发生由普遍存在的和肌肉特异性转录调节因子的组合控制，每个基因的调节因子可能不同。我们进一步回顾了一些在发育动物中检验培养研究中的观点时获得的意外结果。体内研究指出了调节动物肌肉形成的其他分子和细胞机制。
