Marler P, Waser M S
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1977 Feb;91(1):8-16. doi: 10.1037/h0077303.
As in other songbirds, early deafening had drastic effects on the song of the roller canary, a cardueline finch, resulting in a song that was much simpler and more variable than the normal. The repertoire of the syllable types, of which the song is made, was reduced from 30 to a mean of 5.0. Loud white noise was successfully used as a reversible method of cutting off auditory feedback from vocal behavior. Although suffering permanent elevation of hearing thresholds, birds reared in noise to 200 days, singing at first like deaf birds, subsequently increased their syllable repertoires significantly. Birds reared in noise to weaning at 40 days, again partly deaf, achieved a normal repertoire size when stimulated with a singing adult. Without such stimulation the repertoire was significantly reduced, showing that canary song is not fully innate, as had been thought. Although abnormal, the song of deaf canaries retained more species-specific features than did the song of emberizine sparrows when the songs developed without auditory feedback. The results are interpreted in terms of a sensory template theory.
与其他鸣禽一样，早期致聋对罗勒金丝雀（一种雀科燕雀类鸣禽）的歌声产生了巨大影响，导致其歌声比正常情况简单得多且更具变异性。构成歌声的音节类型数量从30种减少到平均5.0种。高强度白噪声被成功用作切断发声行为听觉反馈的一种可逆方法。尽管听力阈值永久性升高，但在噪声环境中饲养到200天的鸟类，起初唱歌像聋鸟一样，随后其音节类型显著增加。在40天断奶时处于噪声环境中饲养的鸟类，同样部分失聪，在受到成年歌唱者刺激时能达到正常的音节类型数量。没有这种刺激，音节类型数量会显著减少，这表明金丝雀的歌声并不像之前认为的那样完全是天生的。尽管不正常，但在没有听觉反馈的情况下发育时，聋金丝雀的歌声比森莺科麻雀的歌声保留了更多物种特异性特征。这些结果是根据感觉模板理论来解释的。
