Detection of hepatitis C virus by polym erase chain reaction in haemodialysed patients in relationship to anti-HCV status.

HCV RNA was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 41 haemodialysed patients with a known anti-HCV status (ELISA and RIBA-2) and a monthly alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level determination. No histological examination of the liver tissue was available. Four samples from each patient were collected at 6 month intervals for 18 months. Seven patients negative for anti-HCV during the entire follow-up gave negative PCR results on the four samples. Two patients who were anti-HCV-negative upon entry into the study seroconverted to HCV during follow-up. HCV RNA was detected during the acute phase of hepatitis. HCV RNA was no longer detectable after antiviral therapy was administered to one patient. Out of 27 anti-HCV-positive patients, 24 had persistent viraemia, 2 had transient viraemia (1 sample PCR-negative and 3 samples PCR-positive) and 1 was PCR-negative on the 4 samples. Thirteen of the 26 viraemic patients had a normal ALT level during the preceding 3 years. Three patients with a C22-3 band alone by RIBA-2 were negative by PCR, whereas two patients with a C33-c band alone were PCR-positive on the four samples. These results suggest that HCV viraemia was strongly associated with anti-HCV in haemodialysed patients with or without biological hepatitis.