Friedman B H, Thayer J F, Borkovec T D, Tyrrell R A, Johnson B H, Columbo R
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213.
Biol Psychiatry. 1993 Sep 1;34(5):298-310. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(93)90087-t.
Autonomic characteristics of nonclinical panic and blood phobia were compared using spectral analysis of the electrocardiogram (EKG), as well as more conventional cardiovascular measures. The cardiovascular responses of 11 subjects who reported recent occurrence of frequent severe panic attacks, and 10 subjects who reported intense somatic reactions to the sight of blood (including episodes of syncope) were recorded during a variety of laboratory tasks (quiet rest, reaction time/shock avoidance, face immersion, and combined reaction time/face immersion). Results suggest distinct autonomic patterns in the groups. Panickers showed (a) higher heart rate and reduced heart-rate variability (b) aberrant associations among cardiovascular measures, and (c) dominant sympathetic control of heart rate coupled with diminished vagal tone. Blood phobics generally displayed an opposite pattern. The relevance of these findings to the etiology of panic and blood phobia, as well as to biological models of anxiety disorders in general, is discussed.
使用心电图（EKG）频谱分析以及更传统的心血管测量方法，对非临床惊恐症和血液恐惧症的自主神经特征进行了比较。在各种实验室任务（安静休息、反应时间/电击回避、面部浸入以及反应时间/面部浸入组合）期间，记录了11名报告近期频繁发生严重惊恐发作的受试者和10名报告看到血液时出现强烈躯体反应（包括晕厥发作）的受试者的心血管反应。结果表明两组存在不同的自主神经模式。惊恐症患者表现为：（a）心率较高且心率变异性降低；（b）心血管测量之间存在异常关联；（c）心率主要受交感神经控制，迷走神经张力降低。血液恐惧症患者通常表现出相反的模式。讨论了这些发现与惊恐症和血液恐惧症病因以及一般焦虑症生物学模型的相关性。
