Friedman B H, Thayer J F
Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Biol Psychol. 1998 Mar;47(3):243-63. doi: 10.1016/s0301-0511(97)00027-6.
Autonomic characteristics of panickers, blood phobics, and nonanxious controls were compared with a variety of cardiovascular measures, including spectral analysis of the cardiac inter-beat interval time series (derived from the electrocardiogram). Responses to laboratory stressors (shock avoidance and cold face stress) of 16 participants who reported recent occurrences of frequent severe panic attacks, 15 participants who reported strong somatic reactions and fainting to the sight of blood, and 15 controls, were recorded. Results suggested distinct autonomic patterns among the three groups. Across conditions, panickers displayed the highest heart rates (HR) coupled with the least HR variability, which indicates low levels of cardiac vagal tone. Blood phobics showed more vagally mediated HR variability than panickers, with a significant association between cardiac rate and mean arterial pressure. Controls generally showed the most HR variability and 'spectral reserve' (a quality that indicates flexible responsivity). Results are discussed in the context of traditional models of anxiety and autonomic activity in contrast to contemporary notions of stability and change in biological systems.
对恐慌症患者、血液恐惧症患者和非焦虑对照组的自主神经特征进行了比较，采用了多种心血管测量方法，包括对心跳间期时间序列（从心电图得出）的频谱分析。记录了16名报告近期频繁发生严重恐慌发作的参与者、15名报告看到血液会有强烈躯体反应和昏厥的参与者以及15名对照组对实验室应激源（避免电击和冷面应激）的反应。结果表明三组之间存在明显的自主神经模式。在各种情况下，恐慌症患者的心率最高，同时心率变异性最小，这表明心脏迷走神经张力水平较低。血液恐惧症患者比恐慌症患者表现出更多由迷走神经介导的心率变异性，心率与平均动脉压之间存在显著关联。对照组通常表现出最大的心率变异性和“频谱储备”（一种表明灵活反应性的特质）。结合焦虑和自主神经活动的传统模型以及生物系统稳定性和变化的当代概念对结果进行了讨论。
