West J D
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Hum Reprod. 1993 Aug;8(8):1316-23. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138249.
Mutant mouse conceptuses, homozygous for a defect in the gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme, glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) died in utero by 9 1/2 days post coitum. By this stage there was no normal embryo, but trophoblast and some extra-embryonic membranes usually survived. The morphology of these genetically determined, anembryonic conceptuses was similar to some of the sporadic cases of anembryonic conceptuses that occurred in control crosses. These similarities suggest that an understanding of the cause of death of the homozygous mutant embryos might shed light on the aetiology of some of the cases of sporadic anembryonic conceptuses in both mouse and man. At implantation, the conceptus depends on anaerobic glycolysis for its energy production and any shortage of substrates would compromise development. It is argued that, in the absence of efficient glycolysis, a homozygous null embryo would be unable to produce sufficient energy to develop normally beyond the egg cylinder stage. However, the outer part of the conceptus might survive if nutrients and oxygen were available from the surrounding maternal tissue to produce energy by the aerobic tricarboxylic acid cycle. The homozygous GPI-null conceptuses may provide a useful animal model for some types of human anembryonic pregnancy.
编码糖酵解酶葡萄糖磷酸异构酶（GPI）的基因存在缺陷的纯合突变小鼠胚胎在交配后9.5天死于子宫内。到这个阶段，已没有正常胚胎，但滋养层和一些胚外膜通常存活下来。这些由基因决定的无胚胎胚胎的形态与对照杂交中出现的一些散发性无胚胎胚胎病例相似。这些相似之处表明，了解纯合突变胚胎的死亡原因可能有助于揭示小鼠和人类中一些散发性无胚胎胚胎病例的病因。在着床时，胚胎依靠无氧糖酵解产生能量，任何底物短缺都会影响发育。有人认为，在缺乏高效糖酵解的情况下，纯合无效胚胎将无法产生足够的能量以正常发育到卵圆柱期之后。然而，如果从周围母体组织获得营养和氧气以通过有氧三羧酸循环产生能量，胚胎的外部部分可能存活。纯合GPI无效胚胎可能为某些类型的人类无胚胎妊娠提供有用的动物模型。
