McArthur W P, Clark W B
Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, J. Hillis Miller Health Science Center, University of Florida, Gainesville.
J Periodontol. 1993 Aug;64(8 Suppl):807-18. doi: 10.1902/jop.1993.64.8s.807.
Periodontal diseases are thought to result from inflammatory responses to bacterial challenges in the gingival crevicular area. Antibodies are a major host-protective mechanism in many bacterial infections. Consequently, the antibody responses to suspected periodontal pathogenic bacteria have been extensively measured as to their relationship to diseases and specificity for suspected pathogens associated with progressing disease sites. Recently, studies on the bacterial immunogen characterization, antibody-subclass identification, and antibody biological capabilities have been reported. Although increased antibody levels to certain suspected periodontal pathogens were associated with periodontal diseases in humans, little evidence exists as to the role of these antibodies in the infectious process. In vivo experiments in animals indicated that specific antibodies against certain suspected periodontal pathogens were associated with suppression of bacterial colonization, limiting the spread of infection, and a decrease in alveolar bone loss. However, in vitro as well as in vivo experiments suggested that phagocytic cells are required for efficient bactericidal activity of antibodies and that the presence of other sensitized immune cells may either have inhibited or enhanced the infectivity of certain periodontal pathogens. Possible explanations for the observed inconsistencies are presented and the potential for utilization of specific anti-periodontal pathogen responses in the understanding and prevention of diseases is discussed.
牙周疾病被认为是牙龈沟区域对细菌挑战产生炎症反应的结果。在许多细菌感染中，抗体是主要的宿主保护机制。因此，针对疑似牙周病原菌的抗体反应已被广泛检测，以确定它们与疾病的关系以及对与疾病进展部位相关的疑似病原体的特异性。最近，有关细菌免疫原特征、抗体亚类鉴定和抗体生物学功能的研究已有报道。虽然人类体内针对某些疑似牙周病原菌的抗体水平升高与牙周疾病有关，但关于这些抗体在感染过程中的作用，几乎没有证据。动物体内实验表明，针对某些疑似牙周病原菌的特异性抗体与抑制细菌定植、限制感染传播以及牙槽骨吸收减少有关。然而，体外和体内实验均表明，吞噬细胞对于抗体的有效杀菌活性是必需的，并且其他致敏免疫细胞的存在可能会抑制或增强某些牙周病原菌的感染性。文中给出了对观察到的不一致现象的可能解释，并讨论了利用针对特定牙周病原菌的反应来理解和预防疾病的潜力。
