Jackson L A, Kaufmann A F, Adams W G, Phelps M B, Andreasen C, Langkop C W, Francis B J, Wenger J D
Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1993 Jan;12(1):48-54. doi: 10.1097/00006454-199301000-00012.
Between July 7 and 18, 1991, five boys from a small town in rural Illinois experienced the onset of an acute febrile illness subsequently confirmed as leptospirosis by serologic tests. A cohort study found that swimming in a small swimming hole, Steel Tunnel Pond, was associated with disease (P < 0.01), the attack rate being 28%. Leptospira interrogans serovar grippotyphosa was isolated from urine cultures from two of the case patients and from a culture of Steel Tunnel Pond water. A high seroprevalence for grippotyphosa was found in animals near the pond. Drought conditions had been present in the month before the outbreak, creating an environment in the pond which probably facilitated transmission of the organism from area animals to humans. Although leptospirosis is infrequently reported in humans in the United States, it is endemic in animals and the potential for outbreaks exists, especially when environmental conditions are favorable.
1991年7月7日至18日期间，伊利诺伊州农村一个小镇的五名男孩开始出现急性发热疾病，随后经血清学检测确诊为钩端螺旋体病。一项队列研究发现，在一个名为钢铁隧道池塘的小游泳潭游泳与该病有关（P<0.01），发病率为28%。从两名病例患者的尿液培养物以及钢铁隧道池塘的水样培养物中分离出了犬型钩端螺旋体。在池塘附近的动物中发现了较高的犬型钩端螺旋体血清阳性率。在疫情爆发前的一个月一直处于干旱状态，使得池塘环境可能促进了该病原体从当地动物向人类的传播。尽管在美国人类感染钩端螺旋体病的报告并不常见，但在动物中该病呈地方性流行，并且存在爆发的可能性，尤其是当环境条件适宜时。
