Bjärås G
Karolinska Institute, Department of Social Medicine, Sundbyberg, Sweden.
Accid Anal Prev. 1993 Feb;25(1):3-10. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(93)90091-a.
Injuries due to accidents are a serious public health problem in Sweden as in the rest of the world. In Sweden injuries are the most frequent cause of death among people under the age of 50. More than 75% of all injuries occur in the home or surrounding area. Most accidents strike children, teenagers, and the elderly. Many accidents can be avoided. Prevention is therefore important. A community intervention programme for the prevention of accidents has been developed in the municipality of Sollentuna in Stockholm County. During the planning phase, a basic analysis of the local community was found to be useful, i.e. a Community Diagnosis, which includes three stages: description, analysis, and a health action programme. This report concentrates on the first two stages. To make a community diagnosis, some basic data are needed. In this report the relevance of the existing registers to the Community Diagnosis model is discussed. It is also shown how the Community Diagnosis model helped in the planning phase: the community profile demonstrated whom the prevention should be aimed at, the health profile emphasized the importance of accident prevention, the health risk profile showed where to change the environment, and last, the organizational profile elucidated how preventive work should be organized.
与世界其他地区一样，事故伤害在瑞典也是一个严重的公共卫生问题。在瑞典，伤害是50岁以下人群最常见的死因。超过75%的伤害发生在家庭或周边地区。大多数事故发生在儿童、青少年和老年人身上。许多事故是可以避免的。因此，预防很重要。斯德哥尔摩郡索伦特纳市制定了一项预防事故的社区干预计划。在规划阶段，发现对当地社区进行基本分析很有用，即社区诊断，它包括三个阶段：描述、分析和健康行动计划。本报告重点关注前两个阶段。进行社区诊断需要一些基本数据。本报告讨论了现有登记册与社区诊断模型的相关性。还展示了社区诊断模型在规划阶段是如何发挥作用的：社区概况表明预防工作应针对哪些人群，健康概况强调事故预防的重要性，健康风险概况显示应在何处改善环境，最后，组织概况阐明了预防工作应如何组织。
