Jehue R, Street D, Huizenga R
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993 Jan;25(1):127-31. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199301000-00017.
To determine the effect of time zone and game time changes on NFL team performance, win-loss records from 1978-1987 were analyzed. Twenty-seven NFL teams were grouped by time zone and possible anti-jet lag adjustments. Among all intra-time zone rivals, home teams won 56.6%, away teams won 43.8%, for a home vs away winning percentage change of -12.8% (P < 0.001). West teams (N = 5) displayed fluctuations in home vs away team performance in association with trans-meridian travel. The change in winning percentage was found to be 0.0% vs West teams, -14.1% vs Central teams (N = 8) (P < 0.05), -16.3% vs East (N = 14) (P < 0.05) for West teams (N = 4) flying about 42 h pregame and +2.3% vs East for the one West team advancing practices 3-4 h to match East coast game time in addition to 48 h pregame flights. For night games within the same time zone, home vs away team winning percentage changed -23.8% (P < 0.01). West teams displayed uniformly high home winning percentages (75.0% and 68.4%) when playing Central and East teams, respectively, with little or no fall in away winning percentages (67.7% and 68.8%). For day games, a 3-h phase advance may decrease West coast team performance. In one small subset, anti-jet lag adjustments appeared to eliminate the expected decrement in performance. For night games, West coast teams, whether home or away, appear to be at a distinct advantage over East and Central teams.
为了确定时区和比赛时间变化对美国国家橄榄球联盟（NFL）球队表现的影响，分析了1978年至1987年的胜负记录。27支NFL球队按时区和可能的抗时差调整进行了分组。在所有同区内的对手中，主场球队胜率为56.6%，客场球队胜率为43.8%，主场与客场胜率变化为-12.8%（P<0.001）。西部球队（N=5）在跨子午线旅行时，主场与客场球队表现出现波动。对于赛前飞行约42小时的西部球队（N=4），与西部球队比赛时胜率变化为0.0%，与中部球队（N=8）比赛时胜率变化为-14.1%（P<0.05），与东部球队（N=14）比赛时胜率变化为-16.3%（P<0.05）；而对于一支将训练提前3 - 4小时以匹配东海岸比赛时间且赛前飞行48小时的西部球队，与东部球队比赛时胜率变化为+2.3%。对于同一时区内的夜间比赛，主场与客场球队胜率变化为-23.8%（P<0.01）。西部球队在与中部和东部球队比赛时，主场胜率分别高达75.0%和68.4%，客场胜率几乎没有下降（分别为67.7%和68.8%）。对于日间比赛，提前3小时的时段调整可能会降低西海岸球队的表现。在一个小样本中，抗时差调整似乎消除了预期的表现下降。对于夜间比赛，西海岸球队，无论主场还是客场，相对于东部和中部球队似乎都具有明显优势。
