Reilly Thomas, Waterhouse Jim
Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, 15-21 Webster Street, Liverpool, L3 2ET, UK.
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009 Jun;106(3):321-32. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1066-x. Epub 2009 May 6.
Athletic performance shows a time-of-day effect, possible causes for which are environmental factors (which can be removed in laboratory studies), the sleep-wake cycle and the internal "body clock". The evidence currently available does not enable the roles of these last two factors to be separated. Even so, results indicate that the body clock probably does play some role in generating rhythms in sports performance, and that to deny this is unduly critical. Protocols to assess the separate roles of the body clock and time awake are then outlined. A serious impediment to experimental work is muscle fatigue, when maximal or sustained muscle exertion is required. Dealing with this problem can involve unacceptably prolonged protocols but alternatives which stress dexterity and eye-hand co-ordination exist, and these are directly relevant to many sports (shooting, for example). The review concludes with suggestions regarding the future value to sports physiology of chronobiological studies.
运动表现呈现出一种日时段效应，其可能的原因包括环境因素（在实验室研究中可予以排除）、睡眠-清醒周期以及体内“生物钟”。目前可得的证据无法区分这后两个因素所起的作用。即便如此，结果表明生物钟可能在运动表现的节律产生中确实发挥了一定作用，而否认这一点是过于苛刻的。随后概述了评估生物钟和清醒时间各自作用的方案。当需要进行最大程度或持续的肌肉用力时，肌肉疲劳是实验工作的一个严重障碍。解决这个问题可能涉及到过长而难以接受的实验方案，但存在强调灵活性和眼手协调能力的替代方案，这些方案与许多运动（例如射击）直接相关。综述最后就生物钟生物学研究对运动生理学的未来价值提出了建议。
