The quality of social roles as predictors of morbidity and mortality.

This study uses a longitudinal design to examine the health effects of the quality of social roles among a cohort of women and men. The specific roles of interest are the spouse role, the parent role, and the worker role. The cumulative and interactive effects of role characteristics and role satisfactions and stresses are also examined. The study population was randomly selected from among members of a large HMO and were part of a household interview conducted in 1970-71. Medical records for the 2 years prior to the interview and for 15 years after the interview for the cohort members are linked with the survey data. The findings show that for women, particular qualities of the marital and work roles are predictive of subsequent morbidity and mortality. For married women, equality in decision making and companionship in marriage are protective against death. None of the marriage characteristics are predictive of health outcomes among men. Work support is protective against death, malignancy, and stroke among employed women, and work stress increases the risk of ischemic heart disease among employed men. None of the parental role characteristics were significant predictors of health outcomes for men or women. No interactions were found.