Chapman S, Wong W L, Smith W
Department of Community Medicine, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
Am J Public Health. 1993 Feb;83(2):215-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.83.2.215.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of self-exempting or cognitive dissonance-reducing beliefs about smoking and health. Such beliefs may hold important implications for the content and targeting of health promotion campaigns.
A survey of smokers and ex-smokers was conducted in western Sydney, Australia. Six hypotheses were tested.
The principal findings were (1) that 27.9% of smokers and 42.1% of ex-smokers agreed that smokers were more likely than non-smokers to get five smoking-related diseases; (2) that for 11 of 14 beliefs tested, more smokers than ex-smokers agreed to a statistically significant degree; (3) that the median number of such beliefs agreed to by smokers was five, compared with three for ex-smokers; (4) that for only 5 of 14 beliefs was agreement expressed by more precontemplative smokers than smokers contemplating or taking action to quit; (5) that more than one in four smokers, despite agreeing that smokers are more likely than non-smokers to get five diseases, nonetheless maintain a set of self-exempting beliefs.
Fewer smokers than ex-smokers accept that smoking causes disease, and smokers also maintain more self-exempting beliefs. Becoming an ex-smoker appears to involve shedding such beliefs in addition to accepting information about the diseases caused by smoking.
本研究旨在探讨关于吸烟与健康的自我豁免或认知失调减少信念的作用。此类信念可能对健康促进活动的内容和目标受众具有重要意义。
在澳大利亚悉尼西部对吸烟者和已戒烟者进行了一项调查。测试了六个假设。
主要发现为：（1）27.9%的吸烟者和42.1%的已戒烟者认同吸烟者比非吸烟者更易患五种与吸烟相关的疾病；（2）在测试的14种信念中，有11种信念，认同的吸烟者比已戒烟者在统计学上有显著差异；（3）吸烟者认同的此类信念的中位数为5个，而已戒烟者为3个；（4）在14种信念中，只有5种信念，处于未考虑戒烟阶段的吸烟者比考虑戒烟或已采取戒烟行动的吸烟者认同度更高；（5）超过四分之一的吸烟者，尽管认同吸烟者比非吸烟者更易患五种疾病，但仍持有一系列自我豁免信念。
与已戒烟者相比，接受吸烟致病观点的吸烟者更少，而且吸烟者还持有更多的自我豁免信念。除了接受吸烟所致疾病的信息外，成为已戒烟者似乎还意味着摒弃此类信念。
