Dijkstra A, Brosschot J
Leiden University, The Netherlands.
Behav Res Ther. 2003 Sep;41(9):1081-92. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00244-9.
Many smokers and ex-smokers worry about their health. Given that worry keeps attention focused on the threat, it was expected that worrying about health in smokers would motivate them to quit and in ex-smokers may prevent relapse. Furthermore, worry was expected to influence the process of smoking cessation in interaction with self-efficacy, which is a measure of control over smoking, and with disengagement beliefs, which distorts the threatening meaning of potential motivating information. In the present study 380 smokers and 324 ex-smokers were recruited to join a prospective study with a follow-up of eight months. At T1, smoking/quitting behavior, worry and the other psychological constructs were assessed. At T2 quitting activity in smokers and relapse in ex-smokers were assessed. As expected, smokers who worried about the health effects of smoking reported higher quitting activity at T2. The three-way interactions between worry, self-efficacy and disengagement beliefs in the prospective prediction of quitting activity and relapse were significant: Among smokers with high self-efficacy combined with strong disengagement beliefs, worry led to more quitting activity. Among ex-smokers with low self-efficacy combined with strong disengagement beliefs, worry led to more relapse. The present results suggest new ways of approaching the stimulation of quitting and the prevention of relapse.
许多吸烟者和曾经吸烟者都担心自己的健康。鉴于担忧会使注意力集中在威胁上，人们预计吸烟者对健康的担忧会促使他们戒烟，而曾经吸烟者的担忧可能会防止复吸。此外，预计担忧会在与自我效能感（一种对吸烟的控制程度的衡量指标）以及脱离信念（它会扭曲潜在激励信息的威胁意义）的相互作用中影响戒烟过程。在本研究中，招募了380名吸烟者和324名曾经吸烟者参与一项为期八个月的前瞻性研究。在T1时，评估吸烟/戒烟行为、担忧及其他心理结构。在T2时，评估吸烟者的戒烟活动和曾经吸烟者的复吸情况。正如预期的那样，担心吸烟对健康影响的吸烟者在T2时报告的戒烟活动更高。担忧、自我效能感和脱离信念在前瞻性预测戒烟活动和复吸方面的三向交互作用是显著的：在自我效能感高且脱离信念强的吸烟者中，担忧导致更多的戒烟活动。在自我效能感低且脱离信念强的曾经吸烟者中，担忧导致更多的复吸。目前的结果为促进戒烟和预防复吸提供了新的方法。
