Payne D G, Hembrooke H A, Anastasi J S
Department of Psychology, SUNY-Binghamton 13902-6000.
Mem Cognit. 1993 Jan;21(1):48-62. doi: 10.3758/bf03211164.
In three experiments, categorized lists and both free recall and cued recall tests were used to examine hypermnesia. In Experiment 1, materials were drawn from obvious and nonobvious categories in an attempt to vary the amount of relational processing at encoding. The study materials in Experiment 2 consisted of a long word list that comprised several exemplars from each of a number of common categories. In Experiment 3, a single exemplar was drawn from each of 45 categories. In each experiment, similar magnitudes of hypermnesia were obtained on free and cued recall tests. Examination of the specific items recalled across tests indicated that similar processes underlie the hypermnesic effect for both test conditions. Implications of the results for extant accounts of the hypermnesic effect are discussed. It is concluded that the dynamics of retrieval processes change in a systematic fashion across repeated tests and the retention interval following study and that an adequate account of the nature of these changes in retrieval dynamics is essential to our understanding of hypermnesia and related phenomena.
在三项实验中，使用分类列表以及自由回忆和线索回忆测试来检验记忆增强现象。在实验1中，材料取自明显和不明显的类别，试图在编码时改变关系加工的量。实验2中的研究材料是一个长单词列表，其中包含许多常见类别中每个类别的几个示例。在实验3中，从45个类别中各抽取一个示例。在每个实验中，自由回忆和线索回忆测试都获得了相似程度的记忆增强。对跨测试回忆的具体项目的检查表明，两种测试条件下记忆增强效应背后的过程相似。讨论了这些结果对现有记忆增强效应解释的影响。得出的结论是，检索过程的动态在重复测试以及学习后的保持间隔中以系统的方式变化，并且充分理解这些检索动态变化的本质对于我们理解记忆增强及相关现象至关重要。
