Loomis J M, Klatzky R L, Golledge R G, Cicinelli J G, Pellegrino J W, Fry P A
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106.
J Exp Psychol Gen. 1993 Mar;122(1):73-91. doi: 10.1037//0096-3445.122.1.73.
Blindfolded sighted, adventitiously blind, and congenitally blind subjects performed a set of navigation tasks. The more complex tasks involved spatial inference and included retracing a multisegment route in reverse, returning directly to an origin after being led over linear segments, and pointing to targets after locomotion. As a group, subjects responded systematically to route manipulations in the complex tasks, but performance was poor. Patterns of error and response latency are informative about the internal representation used; in particular, they do not support the hypothesis that only a representation of the origin of locomotion is maintained. The slight performance differences between groups varying in visual experience were neither large nor consistent across tasks. Results provide little indication that spatial competence strongly depends on prior visual experience.
蒙眼的视力正常者、后天失明者和先天失明者执行了一系列导航任务。更复杂的任务涉及空间推理，包括反向追溯多段路线、在被引导走过直线段后直接返回原点，以及在移动后指向目标。总体而言，受试者在复杂任务中对路线操纵有系统的反应，但表现不佳。错误模式和反应潜伏期有助于了解所使用的内部表征；特别是，它们不支持仅维持运动起点表征的假设。在视觉经验上存在差异的组之间的轻微表现差异既不大，也在各项任务中不一致。结果几乎没有表明空间能力强烈依赖于先前的视觉经验。
