Doi M, Ikeda K
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan.
Can J Anaesth. 1993 Feb;40(2):122-6. doi: 10.1007/BF03011308.
Eleven male volunteers were studied to compare the airway irritation produced by the four anaesthetic agents: halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane at two concentrations, equivalent to one and two MAC. Tidal volume, respiratory frequency and functional residual capacity changes induced by 15 sec inhalation of the anaesthetics were measured using respiratory inductive plethysmograph. Appearance of the cough reflex was also observed. The order of subjective airway irritation was evaluated by the volunteers. Inhalation of the anaesthetic agents induced a decrease in tidal volume, increase in respiratory frequency and decrease in functional residual capacity. Significant changes were considered to have occurred if tidal volume and respiratory frequency changed by more than 30% from the resting values for at least ten seconds, or if functional residual capacity changed by more than 30% of the value at resting tidal volume, for at least ten seconds. Each change was induced most frequently by isoflurane followed by enflurane, halothane and, least frequently, by sevoflurane. The orders of appearance of the cough reflex and of subjective airway irritation were similar. Sevoflurane did not elicit a cough reflex. It is concluded that sevoflurane was the least irritant anaesthetic and is considered to be the most suitable for inhalational induction of anaesthesia.
对11名男性志愿者进行了研究，以比较四种麻醉剂：氟烷、恩氟烷、异氟烷和七氟烷在相当于1倍和2倍最低肺泡有效浓度（MAC）这两种浓度下产生的气道刺激情况。使用呼吸感应体积描记器测量吸入麻醉剂15秒所引起的潮气量、呼吸频率和功能残气量的变化。同时也观察咳嗽反射的出现情况。由志愿者对主观气道刺激的程度进行评估。吸入麻醉剂会导致潮气量减少、呼吸频率增加以及功能残气量减少。如果潮气量和呼吸频率在至少10秒内相对于静息值变化超过30%，或者功能残气量相对于静息潮气量时的值变化超过30%且持续至少10秒，则认为发生了显著变化。每种变化最常由异氟烷引起，其次是恩氟烷、氟烷，而七氟烷引起的频率最低。咳嗽反射出现的顺序和主观气道刺激的顺序相似。七氟烷未引发咳嗽反射。结论是七氟烷是刺激性最小的麻醉剂，被认为最适合用于吸入诱导麻醉。
