Kramer K, Dijkstra H, Bast A
Department of Pharmacochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Physiol Behav. 1993 Feb;53(2):271-6. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(93)90204-s.
To study the mutual interaction between physical exercise and antioxidant systems in rats, we selected swimming as a model for exercise performance. Swimming belongs to the natural behavior of a rat, which under proper experimental conditions, primarily involves physical exercise with little emotional arousal. Therefore, we developed a swimming basin in which the intensity of exercise was manipulated by swimming speed and swimming duration. A laser beam interruption system enables recording of swimming patterns. For comparison we also used the basin to induce emotional arousal. Hereto the basin was transformed into a maze, in which unexpected blockade of a learned swimming route induced a panic-like emotional reaction. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase decreased in rat plasma after emotional arousal, not after physical exercise. Depletion of the antioxidant glutathione in the liver by diethyl maleate led to decrease of swimming performance. Noradrenaline but not adrenaline plasma levels increased in response to physical exercise. After emotional arousal the ratio noradrenaline/adrenaline did not change. In contrast, lactate only increased in response to emotional arousal. Plasma levels of glucose increased after both stress situations. Beta-adrenoceptor function, determined in the heart and in erythrocytes, only changed after physical exercise. The sensitivity to the beta-agonist (-)isoprenaline in the right atrium decreased and a downregulation of the beta-adrenoceptor density was observed in the erythrocyte.
为研究大鼠体育锻炼与抗氧化系统之间的相互作用，我们选择游泳作为运动表现的模型。游泳属于大鼠的自然行为，在适当的实验条件下，主要涉及体育锻炼且几乎没有情绪唤醒。因此，我们开发了一个游泳池，通过游泳速度和游泳持续时间来控制运动强度。激光束中断系统可记录游泳模式。为作比较，我们还利用该游泳池诱发情绪唤醒。为此，将游泳池改造成迷宫，在其中对已学会的游泳路线进行意外封锁会诱发类似恐慌的情绪反应。情绪唤醒后大鼠血浆中的抗氧化酶超氧化物歧化酶减少，体育锻炼后则未减少。马来酸二乙酯使肝脏中的抗氧化剂谷胱甘肽耗竭，导致游泳表现下降。体育锻炼会使血浆去甲肾上腺素水平升高，而肾上腺素水平未升高。情绪唤醒后，去甲肾上腺素与肾上腺素的比值未发生变化。相比之下，乳酸仅在情绪唤醒后增加。两种应激情况后血浆葡萄糖水平均升高。在心脏和红细胞中测定的β-肾上腺素能受体功能仅在体育锻炼后发生变化。右心房对β-激动剂（-）异丙肾上腺素的敏感性降低，且在红细胞中观察到β-肾上腺素能受体密度下调。
