Alfredsson L, Hammar N, Hogstedt C
Department of Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Int J Epidemiol. 1993 Feb;22(1):57-61. doi: 10.1093/ije/22.1.57.
Previous studies have indicated that urban bus drivers have an increased risk of coronary heart disease. In the present investigation two separate studies were carried out. In the first study the mortality from myocardial infarction (MI), as well as from other causes for all male bus drivers in Sweden (9446), was investigated and compared to those of other employed men over a 15-year period. A 50% increase in mortality from MI was observed among drivers in Stockholm and Göteborg and Bohus counties, the two counties where the two largest cities in Sweden are situated. No increased mortality from lung cancer, any cancer (all sites combined), or from all causes combined was observed for these drivers. For bus drivers in the predominantly rural areas no excess mortality from MI, or any other cause, was observed. In the second study the incidence of MI among male bus drivers, as compared with other employed men, was studied in five Swedish counties by case referent methods. An increased incidence of first events of MI, (relative risk = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-1.9) was observed for bus drivers in Stockholm county. According to our results, urban bus drivers thus have an increased risk of developing MI. The findings also suggest that factors in the work environment of urban bus drivers may contribute to this increased risk. Factors of possible importance are job strain, irregular working hours, a sedentary job, automobile exhaust fumes, and noise.
先前的研究表明，城市公交司机患冠心病的风险增加。在本次调查中进行了两项独立研究。在第一项研究中，对瑞典所有男性公交司机（9446人）的心肌梗死（MI）死亡率以及其他病因死亡率进行了调查，并与其他在职男性在15年期间的死亡率进行了比较。在瑞典两个最大城市所在的斯德哥尔摩、哥德堡和博胡斯县，观察到公交司机的MI死亡率增加了50%。这些司机的肺癌、任何癌症（所有部位合计）或所有病因合计的死亡率均未增加。对于主要为农村地区的公交司机，未观察到MI或任何其他病因导致的超额死亡率。在第二项研究中，通过病例对照法对瑞典五个县的男性公交司机与其他在职男性的MI发病率进行了研究。在斯德哥尔摩县，观察到公交司机首次发生MI的发病率增加（相对风险=1.6，95%置信区间（CI）1.1 - 1.9）。根据我们的研究结果，城市公交司机患MI的风险因此增加。研究结果还表明，城市公交司机工作环境中的因素可能导致了这种风险增加。可能重要的因素包括工作压力、不规律的工作时间、久坐的工作、汽车尾气和噪音。
