Gottman J M
Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993 Feb;61(1):6-15. doi: 10.1037//0022-006x.61.1.6.
Seventy-three couples were studied at 2 time points 4 years apart. A typology of 5 groups of couples is proposed on the basis of observational data of Time 1 resolution of conflict, specific affects, and affect sequences. Over the 4 years, the groups of couples differed significantly in serious considerations of divorce and in the frequency of divorce. There were 3 groups of stable couples: validators, volatiles, and avoiders, who could be distinguished from each other on problem-solving behavior, specific affects, and persuasion attempts. There were 2 groups of unstable couples: hostile and hostile/detached, who could be distinguished from each other on problem-solving behavior and on specific negative and positive affects. A balance theory of marriage is proposed, which explores the idea that 3 distinct adaptations exist for having a stable marriage.
对73对夫妻进行了研究，研究时间点相隔4年。基于时间1冲突解决、特定情感及情感序列的观察数据，提出了一个由5组夫妻构成的类型学。在这4年中，不同组别的夫妻在对离婚的认真考虑程度及离婚频率上存在显著差异。有3组稳定夫妻：验证者型、多变型和回避型，他们在解决问题的行为、特定情感及劝说尝试方面彼此有别。有2组不稳定夫妻：敌对型和敌对/疏离型，他们在解决问题的行为以及特定的负面和正面情感方面彼此有别。提出了一种婚姻平衡理论，该理论探讨了存在三种不同的适应方式以维持稳定婚姻这一观点。
