汽车座位位置与死亡风险
Seating position in cars and fatality risk.
作者信息
Evans L, Frick M C
机构信息
Operating Sciences Department, General Motors Research Laboratories, Warren, MI 48090.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 1988 Nov;78(11):1456-8. doi: 10.2105/ajph.78.11.1456.
Fatality risk in passenger cars according to seating position (front versus rear; left versus center or right) was examined using Fatal Accident Reporting System (FARS) data for 1975 through 1985. Comparing the fatality risk of unrestrained occupants matched in sex and age (within three years) revealed effects attributable to seating position, and not to occupant characteristics correlated with use of different seats. Fatality risk to drivers was the same as fatality risk to right front passengers to within 1 per cent; this was so for crashes in all directions and for frontal crashes. Fatality risk in rear seats was (26 +/- 2) per cent lower than in front seats, and lower in center compared to outboard seats by (22 +/- 4) per cent for front seats and (15 +/- 4) per cent for rear seats. The center rear seat was associated with the lowest fatality risk.
利用1975年至1985年的致命事故报告系统（FARS）数据，研究了乘用车中根据座位位置（前排与后排；左侧与中间或右侧）划分的死亡风险。比较性别和年龄（三年之内）匹配的未系安全带乘客的死亡风险，结果显示死亡风险差异归因于座位位置，而非与使用不同座位相关的乘客特征。驾驶员的死亡风险与右前乘客的死亡风险相差不超过1%；在所有方向的碰撞事故以及正面碰撞事故中均是如此。后排座位的死亡风险比前排座位低（26±2）%，对于前排座位，中间座位的死亡风险比外侧座位低（22±4）%，对于后排座位则低（15±4）%。后排中间座位的死亡风险最低。
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