Watanabe S, Kobayashi Y
Epidemiology Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo.
Jpn J Clin Oncol. 1993 Feb;23(1):1-13.
The importance of the role of endogenous hormones in carcinogenesis of the breast, endometrium, ovary and testis is well known. Exogenous hormones have become an important issue in human carcinogenesis because the number of case reports suggesting its relation to iatrogenic hormone usage is increasing due to the increased hormone consumption from various medical treatments. The risk of adenoma and carcinoma of the liver and endometrium caused by oral contraceptives has been clarified after relatively long-term experience. We have reviewed the risk from exogenous hormones, such as oral contraceptives, supplemented estrogens, tamoxifen, synthetic anabolic steroids, including danazol, clomiphene and growth hormone, and other growth factors produced by genetic engineering because of their possible role in causing human neoplasms.
内源性激素在乳腺癌、子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌和睾丸癌发生过程中的作用已广为人知。外源性激素已成为人类致癌过程中的一个重要问题，因为随着各种医学治疗中激素使用量的增加，提示其与医源性激素使用有关的病例报告数量在不断增加。经过相对长期的观察，口服避孕药导致肝脏和子宫内膜腺瘤及癌的风险已得以明确。我们综述了外源性激素的风险，这些外源性激素包括口服避孕药、补充雌激素、他莫昔芬、合成代谢类固醇（包括达那唑、克罗米芬）、生长激素以及基因工程产生的其他生长因子，因为它们可能在人类肿瘤形成中发挥作用。
