Tønnessen F E, Løkken A, Høien T, Lundberg I
Center for Reading Research, Stavanger, Norway.
Arch Neurol. 1993 Apr;50(4):411-6. doi: 10.1001/archneur.1993.00540040063016.
To illuminate a possible three-way association between dyslexia, immune disorders, and left-handedness. Geschwind's, Behan's, and Galaburda's hypotheses have been of special interest in this connection.
Statistical analysis based on general assessment of the prevalence of the three aforementioned conditions.
There were 734 children included from a total of 1165 in grade 6 (about 12 years of age) in the municipality of Stavanger, Norway.
Educational and demographic statistics indicate that the municipality of Stavanger is representative of the national population at large regarding the three conditions examined.
A screening test with high reliability and validity was used to assess reading ability. It measured word recognition and phonological decoding. The questionnaires that recorded the students' handedness and immune disorders were filled in by the parents. Handedness was assessed by a Norwegian version of the Oldfield Inventory. A questionnaire concerning allergies and asthma was used to assess the prevalence of immune disorders.
The bivariate analyses disclosed a significant association between handedness and dyslexia and a significant but weak association between handedness and immune disorders. No significant association was found between dyslexia and immune disorders. A triadic analysis yielded the following: 66.7% of the left-handed dyslexic children had immune disorders (P > .05); 42.1% of the left-handed children with immune disorders had dyslexia (P < .01); and 32% of the dyslexic children with immune disorders were left-handed (P < .05).
There seems to be some association between dyslexia, left-handedness, and immune disorders. Of the three factors, handedness seems to be the most important association. The findings lend some support to the one interpretation of the hypotheses of Geschwind, Behan, and Galaburda.
阐明诵读困难、免疫紊乱和左利手之间可能存在的三方关联。在这方面， Geschwind 假说、Behan 假说和 Galaburda 假说一直备受关注。
基于对上述三种情况患病率的总体评估进行统计分析。
挪威斯塔万格市 1165 名六年级（约 12 岁）儿童中，共有 734 名儿童纳入研究。
教育和人口统计学统计表明，斯塔万格市在所研究的三种情况方面代表了整个国家人口。
使用具有高信度和效度的筛查测试来评估阅读能力。该测试测量单词识别和语音解码。记录学生利手情况和免疫紊乱情况的问卷由家长填写。利手情况通过挪威版的 Oldfield 量表进行评估。使用一份关于过敏和哮喘的问卷来评估免疫紊乱的患病率。
双变量分析显示利手与诵读困难之间存在显著关联，利手与免疫紊乱之间存在显著但较弱的关联。未发现诵读困难与免疫紊乱之间存在显著关联。三元分析得出以下结果：66.7% 的左利手诵读困难儿童患有免疫紊乱（P >.05）；42.1% 的患有免疫紊乱的左利手儿童患有诵读困难（P <.01）；32% 的患有免疫紊乱的诵读困难儿童是左利手（P <.05）。
诵读困难、左利手和免疫紊乱之间似乎存在某种关联。在这三个因素中，利手似乎是最重要的关联因素。这些发现为 Geschwind、Behan 和 Galaburda 假说的一种解释提供了一些支持。
