Tantam D, Holmes D, Cordess C
Department of Psychotherapy, Postgraduate School of Medical Education, University of Warwick, Coventry, England.
J Autism Dev Disord. 1993 Mar;23(1):111-33. doi: 10.1007/BF01066422.
Short unstructured social interactions between a volunteer interviewer, an adult with autism of Asperger type, and a control subject with a schizoid personality disorder were video-recorded. Asperger subjects tended to look less at the other person, to make more self-stimulatory gestures, and to look at the interviewer significantly less than normal subjects, and substantially less than schizoid subjects, during the periods when the interviewer was vocalizing although there were no such differences when the interviewer was listening. We suggest that the gaze avoidance of autism may in actuality be a lack of expected gaze (e.g., gaze when the other person is talking) rather than an absolute avoidance, and suggest that a lifelong absence of gaze response to social cues including speech could explain a number of the developmental features of autism including lack of joint attention with others, lack of understanding and affective response to others, and poor discrimination of facial expressions.
一名志愿者访谈者、一名阿斯伯格型自闭症成年人以及一名分裂样人格障碍对照受试者之间进行的简短非结构化社交互动被录像。阿斯伯格受试者在访谈者发声期间，往往较少看向对方，做出更多自我刺激的手势，且显著少于正常受试者，也明显少于分裂样受试者；而在访谈者倾听时则不存在此类差异。我们认为，自闭症患者的目光回避实际上可能是缺乏预期的目光（例如，对方说话时的目光），而非绝对的回避，并表明对包括言语在内的社交线索终生缺乏目光反应可以解释自闭症的一些发育特征，包括缺乏与他人的共同注意力、缺乏对他人的理解和情感反应以及对面部表情的辨别能力差。
