Chandra R, Srinivasan S, Chandrasekaran R, Mahadevan S
Department of Paediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India.
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1993 Mar;87(3):192-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1993.tb03355.x.
This study was conducted over a period of 18 months in a medical college hospital in southern India. Of 313 children of age 5 and above referred for detailed psychiatric evaluation, 101 were found to have a mental disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria; the remaining had organic disorders. Children above 8 years (74%) registered higher morbidity. There was no sex difference in overall morbidity. Precipitating factors were discernible in half of these cases, of which school-related problems were found in the majority. Almost two-thirds had multiple stressors, of which chronic family and social adversity (39%) and learning disabilities (28%) were common. Mental disorders were significantly related to urban background, middle-class socioeconomic status and literate parents compared with age- and sex-matched controls. There was no significant relationship with the type of family and number of siblings. Conversion disorder (31%) was the commonest, followed by conduct disorders (16%). The symptoms, stressors, response to treatment and the transcultural aspects are also discussed.
本研究在印度南部一所医学院附属医院进行，为期18个月。在313名5岁及以上被转诊进行详细精神科评估的儿童中，根据《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订版（DSM-III-R）标准，有101名被发现患有精神障碍；其余儿童患有器质性疾病。8岁以上儿童的发病率更高（74%）。总体发病率无性别差异。在一半的病例中可识别出诱发因素，其中大多数与学校相关问题有关。近三分之二的儿童有多种压力源，其中慢性家庭和社会逆境（39%）和学习障碍（28%）较为常见。与年龄和性别匹配的对照组相比，精神障碍与城市背景、中产阶级社会经济地位和有文化的父母显著相关。与家庭类型和兄弟姐妹数量无显著关系。转换障碍（31%）最为常见，其次是品行障碍（16%）。还讨论了症状、压力源、治疗反应和跨文化方面的问题。
