Saiki M K, Jennings M R, Brumbaugh W G
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Fisheries Contaminant Research Center, Field Research Station-Dixon, California 95620.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1993 Apr;24(3):307-19. doi: 10.1007/BF01128729.
Boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), and selenium (Se) were measured in water, sediment, particulate organic detritus, and in various biota--filamentous algae, net plankton, macro-invertebrates, and fishes--to determine if concentrations were elevated from exposure to agricultural subsurface (tile) drainage during the spring and fall 1987, in the San Joaquin River, California. Concentrations of B and Se, but not Mo, were higher in most samples from reaches receiving tile drainage than in samples from reaches receiving no tile drainage. Maximum concentrations of Se in water (0.025 microgram/mL), sediment (3.0 micrograms/g), invertebrates (14 micrograms/g), and fishes (17 micrograms/g) measured during this study exceeded concentrations that are detrimental to sensitive warmwater fishes. Toxic threshold concentrations of B and Mo in fishes and their foods have not been identified. Boron and Mo were not biomagnified in the aquatic food chain, because concentrations of these two elements were usually higher in filamentous algae and detritus than in invertebrates and fishes. Concentrations of Se were lower in filamentous algae than in invertebrates and fishes; however, concentrations of Se in or on detritus were similar to or higher than in invertebrates and fishes. These observations suggest that high concentrations of Se accumulated in invertebrates and fishes through food-chain transfer from Se-enriched detritus rather than from filamentous algae.
对加利福尼亚州圣华金河1987年春季和秋季的水、沉积物、颗粒有机碎屑以及各种生物群落（丝状藻类、浮游生物、大型无脊椎动物和鱼类）中的硼（B）、钼（Mo）和硒（Se）进行了测量，以确定因接触农业地下（瓦管）排水而导致的这些元素浓度是否升高。与未接受瓦管排水河段的样本相比，接受瓦管排水河段的大多数样本中硼和硒的浓度较高，但钼的浓度并非如此。在本研究中测得的水中硒的最高浓度（0.025微克/毫升）、沉积物中硒的最高浓度（3.0微克/克）、无脊椎动物中硒的最高浓度（14微克/克）以及鱼类中硒的最高浓度（17微克/克）均超过了对敏感温水鱼类有害的浓度。尚未确定鱼类及其食物中硼和钼的毒性阈值浓度。硼和钼在水生食物链中没有生物放大作用，因为这两种元素在丝状藻类和碎屑中的浓度通常高于无脊椎动物和鱼类。丝状藻类中硒的浓度低于无脊椎动物和鱼类；然而，碎屑中及其上的硒浓度与无脊椎动物和鱼类中的浓度相似或更高。这些观察结果表明，无脊椎动物和鱼类中积累的高浓度硒是通过食物链从富含硒的碎屑转移而来，而非来自丝状藻类。
