Vondra V, Reisová M, Prazáková J, Mazáková H, Balý J, Roth Z, Vyhnánek R, Nĕmec L
Ustav plicních nemocí, Praha.
Cas Lek Cesk. 1993 Feb 22;132(4):113-8.
The prevalence was assessed in a randomized group of 18-year-old and older inhabitants of Prague 8. A total of 8458 internationally tested questionnaires were sent out to a population of 90,458; information was obtained on 7605 (89.9%), 1274 were given a detailed examination by standardized methods. Cumulative prevalence of bronchial asthma (B): 2.3% +/- 0.3% (same in M and F). The highest values at the age of 18-20 years were 3.5%; 3.6% in the age group 21-30 years, the absolutely highest values--4.6%--were recorded in 18-year-old men. Contemporary prevalence of BA: 1.99%. In BA bronchial obstructions were found in 51%, bronchial hyperreactivity in 75%, positive skin tests in 71%, an increase of IgE in 36%. Prevalence of chronic bronchitis (CHB): 14.1%; men 17.6% women--11.3%, highest value--18.9%--in the age group 70-80 years; absolutely highest values were recorded in men aged 70-80 years--20.9%. In CHB there was a bronchial obstruction in 55% and this obstruction was reversible in 40%. In the group CHB bronchial asthma was recorded in 20%. Prevalence of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) was estimated from results of broncho-provocative tests and from the calculation according to prevalence of BHR in respiratory diseases. The thus calculated figure was 13.7%. The incidence of bronchial asthma in chronic bronchitis in 1/6 and of bronchial hyperreactivity in more than 1/10 of the adult population are striking facts. It is essential to find the causes of these findings and make effective provisions to counteract them.
对布拉格8区18岁及以上的随机分组居民进行了患病率评估。共向90458人发放了8458份经过国际测试的问卷；获得了7605人的信息（89.9%），其中1274人通过标准化方法接受了详细检查。支气管哮喘（B）的累积患病率为：2.3%±0.3%（男性和女性相同）。18至20岁年龄组的最高值为3.5%；21至30岁年龄组为3.6%，绝对最高值——4.6%——出现在18岁男性中。支气管哮喘的当前患病率为：1.99%。在支气管哮喘患者中，51%存在支气管阻塞，75%存在支气管高反应性，71%皮肤试验呈阳性，36%免疫球蛋白E升高。慢性支气管炎（CHB）的患病率为：14.1%；男性为17.6%，女性为11.3%，70至80岁年龄组的最高值为18.9%；绝对最高值出现在70至80岁的男性中——20.9%。在慢性支气管炎患者中，55%存在支气管阻塞，其中40%的阻塞是可逆的。在慢性支气管炎组中，20%记录有支气管哮喘。支气管高反应性（BHR）的患病率是根据支气管激发试验结果以及按照呼吸系统疾病中BHR的患病率进行计算得出的。据此计算出的数字为13.7%。成年人群中六分之一的慢性支气管炎患者患有支气管哮喘，超过十分之一的人患有支气管高反应性，这些都是惊人的事实。必须找出这些现象的原因并做出有效应对措施。
